So, what is ADHD?

The term is used often, but it’s a whole lot more complicated than just being hyperactive or having a hard time focusing. First off, ADHD stands for Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.Long name for a complex disorder. Kids and adults have ADHD, since I work mostly with children I will be focusing on them. ADHD is a neurodevelopment disorder, meaning that those with the disorder brain functions and develops differently. This means that it quite literally alters an individual’s brain chemistry. Researchers don’t fully understand what causes the symptoms, but they have identified structural and chemical differences in the brains of those diagnosed with ADHD.

For the science behind it:

● In children with ADHD, the prefrontal cortex matures at a slower rate than in typical

development (slightly smaller).

● The cerebellum, hippocampus, and amygdala are smaller as well. Executive functioning is the skills we use to manage day-to-day tasks (time management, organizing). The prefrontal cortex has a big impact in regulating these skills. There is a bunch of science that you can do more research on if you like, regarding ADHD and brain function but for now I am going to go into the behaviors of the disorder.

There are three types of ADHD: inattentive, hyperactive and impulsive, or a combination of the two.

Inattentive

○ Failing to pay attention to details or make careless mistakes in schoolwork.

○ Difficulty sustaining attention in tasks

○ Does not seem to listen when spoke to directly

○ Does not follow through with instructions (homework, chores)

○ Loses things of importance for tasks

○ Forgetful in daily activities

Hyperactive and impulsive

○ Often fidgets

○ Leaves seat when remaining seated is expected

○ Runs or climbs when it is inappropriate

○ Unable to play or engage in activities quietly

○ Excessive talking, often interrupts

○ Difficulty waiting on their turn

When working with someone who has ADHD, we can learn to manage and work with symptoms. The disorder often has a negative connotation to it, but those who have it are unique. When they begin to understand and appreciate the ways their brain processes differently, they realize they too are capable of anything. It may seem like I have only mentioned the struggles of ADHD, but one can always find their strengths through the struggles.

Through my time working with ADHD, I have found these individuals are extremely resilient and creative. Because their brains function differently, they are often able to see things others don’t. Even come up with unique solutions to anything life throws at them. Kids who have ADHD are often seen as the bad kids, because of their struggle to listen or forgetfulness. If you know your child has ADHD or believe they might, no matter how frustrated they may make you, always remember they are capable of anything in life. Trust and support them in finding ways to manage their symptoms. Whether this support comes from home or school or both, knowing they are heard and valued no matter their behavior is life changing.

They know they are struggling and they often see others reactions to them, because of this they too want to figure out ways to manage their behavior and tasks. At home, breaking tasks into smaller chunks makes the goals seem more manageable. When faced with a big goal, it may seem overwhelming and impossible, making someone less likely to put in effort. Why would I try when it doesn’t feel possible? When faced with a smaller manageable task they can believe in themselves and put forth the effort. Writing tasks down someplace where they are going to be seen often may also help with the forgetfulness.

Schools often have many different supports for those with ADHD and can be explored with the school. Some of these accommodations may include extra time on tests, allowing breaks or time to move around, positive reinforcement and feedback.

I could go on about the impact of ADHD both on the family and the individual, but alas I have shared enough information for now. Always remember when with kids, their behaviors are forms of communication. Listening to understand and give space for your child to express their struggles can be life changing for them.

Written by: Shawnae Inama, LPC-Associate